diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/gc/shared/gcArguments.cpp b/src/hotspot/share/gc/shared/gcArguments.cpp
index 9736c0f7fdc..2522925746b 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/gc/shared/gcArguments.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/gc/shared/gcArguments.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
+#include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
 
 size_t HeapAlignment = 0;
@@ -166,6 +167,13 @@ void GCArguments::initialize_heap_flags_and_sizes() {
 
   FLAG_SET_ERGO(MinHeapDeltaBytes, align_up(MinHeapDeltaBytes, SpaceAlignment));
 
+  if (checked_cast<uint>(ObjectAlignmentInBytes) > GCCardSizeInBytes) {
+    err_msg message("ObjectAlignmentInBytes %u is larger than GCCardSizeInBytes %u",
+                    ObjectAlignmentInBytes, GCCardSizeInBytes);
+    vm_exit_during_initialization("Invalid combination of GCCardSizeInBytes and ObjectAlignmentInBytes",
+                                  message);
+  }
+
   DEBUG_ONLY(assert_flags();)
 }
 
diff --git a/test/hotspot/jtreg/gc/TestObjectAlignmentCardSize.java b/test/hotspot/jtreg/gc/TestObjectAlignmentCardSize.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5fb46a87b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/hotspot/jtreg/gc/TestObjectAlignmentCardSize.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package gc;
+
+/* @test TestObjectAlignmentCardSize.java
+ * @summary Test to check correct handling of ObjectAlignmentInBytes and GCCardSizeInBytes combinations
+ * @requires vm.gc != "Z"
+ * @library /test/lib
+ * @modules java.base/jdk.internal.misc
+ * @run driver gc.TestObjectAlignmentCardSize
+ */
+
+import jdk.test.lib.process.ProcessTools;
+import jdk.test.lib.process.OutputAnalyzer;
+
+public class TestObjectAlignmentCardSize {
+  private static void runTest(int objectAlignment, int cardSize, boolean shouldSucceed) throws Exception {
+    OutputAnalyzer output = ProcessTools.executeTestJava(
+        "-XX:ObjectAlignmentInBytes=" + objectAlignment,
+        "-XX:GCCardSizeInBytes=" + cardSize,
+        "-Xmx32m",
+        "-Xms32m",
+        "-version");
+
+    System.out.println("Output:\n" + output.getOutput());
+
+    if (shouldSucceed) {
+      output.shouldHaveExitValue(0);
+    } else {
+      output.shouldContain("Invalid combination of GCCardSizeInBytes and ObjectAlignmentInBytes");
+      output.shouldNotHaveExitValue(0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    runTest(8, 512, true);
+    runTest(128, 128, true);
+    runTest(256, 128, false);
+    runTest(256, 256, true);
+    runTest(256, 512, true);
+  }
+}