diff --git a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/DateFormatSymbols.java b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/DateFormatSymbols.java
index 4d6f08f4cac..2eeb07e3447 100644
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/DateFormatSymbols.java
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/DateFormatSymbols.java
@@ -44,11 +44,12 @@ import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
 import java.text.spi.DateFormatSymbolsProvider;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Hashtable;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.ResourceBundle;
 import java.util.TimeZone;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 import java.util.spi.LocaleServiceProvider;
 import sun.util.LocaleServiceProviderPool;
 import sun.util.TimeZoneNameUtility;
@@ -321,20 +322,64 @@ public class DateFormatSymbols implements Serializable, Cloneable {
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public static final DateFormatSymbols getInstance(Locale locale) {
+        DateFormatSymbols dfs = getProviderInstance(locale);
+        if (dfs != null) {
+            return dfs;
+        }
+        return (DateFormatSymbols) getCachedInstance(locale).clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a DateFormatSymbols provided by a provider or found in
+     * the cache. Note that this method returns a cached instance,
+     * not its clone. Therefore, the instance should never be given to
+     * an application.
+     */
+    static final DateFormatSymbols getInstanceRef(Locale locale) {
+        DateFormatSymbols dfs = getProviderInstance(locale);
+        if (dfs != null) {
+            return dfs;
+        }
+        return getCachedInstance(locale);
+    }
+
+    private static DateFormatSymbols getProviderInstance(Locale locale) {
+        DateFormatSymbols providersInstance = null;
 
         // Check whether a provider can provide an implementation that's closer
         // to the requested locale than what the Java runtime itself can provide.
         LocaleServiceProviderPool pool =
             LocaleServiceProviderPool.getPool(DateFormatSymbolsProvider.class);
         if (pool.hasProviders()) {
-            DateFormatSymbols providersInstance = pool.getLocalizedObject(
-                                DateFormatSymbolsGetter.INSTANCE, locale);
-            if (providersInstance != null) {
-                return providersInstance;
+            providersInstance = pool.getLocalizedObject(
+                                    DateFormatSymbolsGetter.INSTANCE, locale);
+        }
+        return providersInstance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a cached DateFormatSymbols if it's found in the
+     * cache. Otherwise, this method returns a newly cached instance
+     * for the given locale.
+     */
+    private static DateFormatSymbols getCachedInstance(Locale locale) {
+        SoftReference<DateFormatSymbols> ref = cachedInstances.get(locale);
+        DateFormatSymbols dfs = null;
+        if (ref == null || (dfs = ref.get()) == null) {
+            dfs = new DateFormatSymbols(locale);
+            ref = new SoftReference<DateFormatSymbols>(dfs);
+            SoftReference<DateFormatSymbols> x = cachedInstances.putIfAbsent(locale, ref);
+            if (x != null) {
+                DateFormatSymbols y = x.get();
+                if (y != null) {
+                    dfs = y;
+                } else {
+                    // Replace the empty SoftReference with ref.
+                    cachedInstances.put(locale, ref);
+                }
             }
         }
-
-        return new DateFormatSymbols(locale);
+        return dfs;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -597,56 +642,44 @@ public class DateFormatSymbols implements Serializable, Cloneable {
     static final int millisPerHour = 60*60*1000;
 
     /**
-     * Cache to hold the FormatData and TimeZoneNames ResourceBundles
-     * of a Locale.
+     * Cache to hold DateFormatSymbols instances per Locale.
      */
-    private static Hashtable cachedLocaleData = new Hashtable(3);
-
-    /**
-     * Look up resource data for the desiredLocale in the cache; update the
-     * cache if necessary.
-     */
-    private static ResourceBundle cacheLookup(Locale desiredLocale) {
-        ResourceBundle rb;
-        SoftReference data
-            = (SoftReference)cachedLocaleData.get(desiredLocale);
-        if (data == null) {
-            rb = LocaleData.getDateFormatData(desiredLocale);
-            data = new SoftReference(rb);
-            cachedLocaleData.put(desiredLocale, data);
-        } else {
-            if ((rb = (ResourceBundle)data.get()) == null) {
-                rb = LocaleData.getDateFormatData(desiredLocale);
-                data = new SoftReference(rb);
-            }
-        }
-        return rb;
-    }
+    private static final ConcurrentMap<Locale, SoftReference<DateFormatSymbols>> cachedInstances
+        = new ConcurrentHashMap<Locale, SoftReference<DateFormatSymbols>>(3);
 
     private void initializeData(Locale desiredLocale) {
-        int i;
-        ResourceBundle resource = cacheLookup(desiredLocale);
+        locale = desiredLocale;
 
-        // FIXME: cache only ResourceBundle. Hence every time, will do
-        // getObject(). This won't be necessary if the Resource itself
-        // is cached.
-        eras = (String[])resource.getObject("Eras");
+        // Copy values of a cached instance if any.
+        SoftReference<DateFormatSymbols> ref = cachedInstances.get(locale);
+        DateFormatSymbols dfs;
+        if (ref != null && (dfs = ref.get()) != null) {
+            copyMembers(dfs, this);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Initialize the fields from the ResourceBundle for locale.
+        ResourceBundle resource = LocaleData.getDateFormatData(locale);
+
+        eras = resource.getStringArray("Eras");
         months = resource.getStringArray("MonthNames");
         shortMonths = resource.getStringArray("MonthAbbreviations");
-        String[] lWeekdays = resource.getStringArray("DayNames");
-        weekdays = new String[8];
-        weekdays[0] = "";  // 1-based
-        for (i=0; i<lWeekdays.length; i++)
-            weekdays[i+1] = lWeekdays[i];
-        String[] sWeekdays = resource.getStringArray("DayAbbreviations");
-        shortWeekdays = new String[8];
-        shortWeekdays[0] = "";  // 1-based
-        for (i=0; i<sWeekdays.length; i++)
-            shortWeekdays[i+1] = sWeekdays[i];
         ampms = resource.getStringArray("AmPmMarkers");
         localPatternChars = resource.getString("DateTimePatternChars");
 
-        locale = desiredLocale;
+        // Day of week names are stored in a 1-based array.
+        weekdays = toOneBasedArray(resource.getStringArray("DayNames"));
+        shortWeekdays = toOneBasedArray(resource.getStringArray("DayAbbreviations"));
+    }
+
+    private static String[] toOneBasedArray(String[] src) {
+        int len = src.length;
+        String[] dst = new String[len + 1];
+        dst[0] = "";
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            dst[i + 1] = src[i];
+        }
+        return dst;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/DecimalFormat.java b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/DecimalFormat.java
index 3a0d9b475bf..90043486830 100644
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/DecimalFormat.java
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/DecimalFormat.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1996, 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1996, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -46,9 +46,10 @@ import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.math.RoundingMode;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Currency;
-import java.util.Hashtable;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 import sun.util.resources.LocaleData;
@@ -394,14 +395,14 @@ public class DecimalFormat extends NumberFormat {
     public DecimalFormat() {
         Locale def = Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT);
         // try to get the pattern from the cache
-        String pattern = (String) cachedLocaleData.get(def);
+        String pattern = cachedLocaleData.get(def);
         if (pattern == null) {  /* cache miss */
             // Get the pattern for the default locale.
             ResourceBundle rb = LocaleData.getNumberFormatData(def);
             String[] all = rb.getStringArray("NumberPatterns");
             pattern = all[0];
             /* update cache */
-            cachedLocaleData.put(def, pattern);
+            cachedLocaleData.putIfAbsent(def, pattern);
         }
 
         // Always applyPattern after the symbols are set
@@ -3272,5 +3273,6 @@ public class DecimalFormat extends NumberFormat {
     /**
      * Cache to hold the NumberPattern of a Locale.
      */
-    private static Hashtable cachedLocaleData = new Hashtable(3);
+    private static final ConcurrentMap<Locale, String> cachedLocaleData
+        = new ConcurrentHashMap<Locale, String>(3);
 }
diff --git a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.java b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.java
index defd076ed21..5f1c6601099 100644
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.java
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.java
@@ -44,13 +44,14 @@ import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
 import java.util.Calendar;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
-import java.util.Hashtable;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.MissingResourceException;
 import java.util.ResourceBundle;
 import java.util.SimpleTimeZone;
 import java.util.TimeZone;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 import sun.util.calendar.CalendarUtils;
 import sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfoFile;
 import sun.util.resources.LocaleData;
@@ -503,14 +504,14 @@ public class SimpleDateFormat extends DateFormat {
     /**
      * Cache to hold the DateTimePatterns of a Locale.
      */
-    private static Hashtable<String,String[]> cachedLocaleData
-        = new Hashtable<String,String[]>(3);
+    private static final ConcurrentMap<String, String[]> cachedLocaleData
+        = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String[]>(3);
 
     /**
      * Cache NumberFormat instances with Locale key.
      */
-    private static Hashtable<Locale,NumberFormat> cachedNumberFormatData
-        = new Hashtable<Locale,NumberFormat>(3);
+    private static final ConcurrentMap<Locale, NumberFormat> cachedNumberFormatData
+        = new ConcurrentHashMap<Locale, NumberFormat>(3);
 
     /**
      * The Locale used to instantiate this
@@ -579,7 +580,7 @@ public class SimpleDateFormat extends DateFormat {
 
         initializeCalendar(locale);
         this.pattern = pattern;
-        this.formatData = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance(locale);
+        this.formatData = DateFormatSymbols.getInstanceRef(locale);
         this.locale = locale;
         initialize(locale);
     }
@@ -632,9 +633,9 @@ public class SimpleDateFormat extends DateFormat {
                 dateTimePatterns = r.getStringArray("DateTimePatterns");
             }
             /* update cache */
-            cachedLocaleData.put(key, dateTimePatterns);
+            cachedLocaleData.putIfAbsent(key, dateTimePatterns);
         }
-        formatData = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance(loc);
+        formatData = DateFormatSymbols.getInstanceRef(loc);
         if ((timeStyle >= 0) && (dateStyle >= 0)) {
             Object[] dateTimeArgs = {dateTimePatterns[timeStyle],
                                      dateTimePatterns[dateStyle + 4]};
@@ -665,7 +666,7 @@ public class SimpleDateFormat extends DateFormat {
             numberFormat.setGroupingUsed(false);
 
             /* update cache */
-            cachedNumberFormatData.put(loc, numberFormat);
+            cachedNumberFormatData.putIfAbsent(loc, numberFormat);
         }
         numberFormat = (NumberFormat) numberFormat.clone();
 
@@ -897,7 +898,7 @@ public class SimpleDateFormat extends DateFormat {
      * so we can call it from readObject().
      */
     private void initializeDefaultCentury() {
-        calendar.setTime( new Date() );
+        calendar.setTimeInMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
         calendar.add( Calendar.YEAR, -80 );
         parseAmbiguousDatesAsAfter(calendar.getTime());
     }
@@ -921,7 +922,7 @@ public class SimpleDateFormat extends DateFormat {
      * @since 1.2
      */
     public void set2DigitYearStart(Date startDate) {
-        parseAmbiguousDatesAsAfter(startDate);
+        parseAmbiguousDatesAsAfter(new Date(startDate.getTime()));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -934,7 +935,7 @@ public class SimpleDateFormat extends DateFormat {
      * @since 1.2
      */
     public Date get2DigitYearStart() {
-        return defaultCenturyStart;
+        return (Date) defaultCenturyStart.clone();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/Calendar.java b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/Calendar.java
index 7ec5e87ec39..70460eaec07 100644
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/Calendar.java
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/Calendar.java
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
 import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
 import java.text.DateFormat;
 import java.text.DateFormatSymbols;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 import sun.util.BuddhistCalendar;
 import sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo;
 import sun.util.resources.LocaleData;
@@ -837,7 +839,8 @@ public abstract class Calendar implements Serializable, Cloneable, Comparable<Ca
      * Cache to hold the firstDayOfWeek and minimalDaysInFirstWeek
      * of a Locale.
      */
-    private static Hashtable<Locale, int[]> cachedLocaleData = new Hashtable<Locale, int[]>(3);
+    private static final ConcurrentMap<Locale, int[]> cachedLocaleData
+        = new ConcurrentHashMap<Locale, int[]>(3);
 
     // Special values of stamp[]
     /**
@@ -1022,7 +1025,7 @@ public abstract class Calendar implements Serializable, Cloneable, Comparable<Ca
             // returns a BuddhistCalendar instance.
             if ("th".equals(aLocale.getLanguage())
                     && ("TH".equals(aLocale.getCountry()))) {
-                    cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
+                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
             } else {
                 cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
             }
@@ -2588,7 +2591,7 @@ public abstract class Calendar implements Serializable, Cloneable, Comparable<Ca
             data = new int[2];
             data[0] = Integer.parseInt(bundle.getString("firstDayOfWeek"));
             data[1] = Integer.parseInt(bundle.getString("minimalDaysInFirstWeek"));
-            cachedLocaleData.put(desiredLocale, data);
+            cachedLocaleData.putIfAbsent(desiredLocale, data);
         }
         firstDayOfWeek = data[0];
         minimalDaysInFirstWeek = data[1];
diff --git a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/TimeZone.java b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/TimeZone.java
index 682c3323754..ca62e0ed7da 100644
--- a/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/TimeZone.java
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/TimeZone.java
@@ -160,11 +160,6 @@ abstract public class TimeZone implements Serializable, Cloneable {
     private static final int ONE_HOUR   = 60*ONE_MINUTE;
     private static final int ONE_DAY    = 24*ONE_HOUR;
 
-    /**
-     * Cache to hold the SimpleDateFormat objects for a Locale.
-     */
-    private static Hashtable cachedLocaleData = new Hashtable(3);
-
     // Proclaim serialization compatibility with JDK 1.1
     static final long serialVersionUID = 3581463369166924961L;